History[edit]
Main article: History of graphic design
While Graphic Design as a discipline has a relatively recent history, first coined by William Addison Dwiggins in 1922,[2]graphic design-like activities span the history of humankind: from the caves of Lascaux, to Rome'sTrajan's Column to the illuminated manuscripts of the Middle Ages, to the dazzling neons of Ginza. In truth "Babylon, artisans pressed cuneiform inscriptions into clay bricks or tablets which were used for construction. The bricks gave information such as the name of the reigning monarch, the builder, or some other dignitary".[3]Arguably, this could have be identified as the first billboard or road signs announcing the name of the governor of a state or mayor of the city today. The Egyptians developed a key communication by hieroglyphics which used picture symbols dating as far back as 136 B.C. found on the Rosetta Stone. "The Rosetta stone, found by one of Napoleon's engineers was an advertisement for the Egyptian ruler, Ptolemy as the "true Son of the Sun, the Father of the Moon, and the Keeper of the Happiness of Men"" [3] Further, the Egyptians also brought the invention of papyrus, paper made from reeds found along the Nile, on which they transcribed advertisements more common among their people at the time. Between the dates of 500A.D. and 1450 A.D., also known as the "Dark Ages", it was the Monks that kept the symbols and writings alive when much of the citizenry were stagnated in progressive learning in reading and writing. In both this lengthy history and in the relatively recent explosion of visual communication in the 20th and 21st centuries, there is sometimes a blurring distinction and overlapping of advertisingart, graphic design and fine art. After all, they share many of the same elements, theories, principles, practices andlanguages, and sometimes the same benefactor or client. In advertising art the ultimate objective is the sale of goods and services. In graphic design, "the essence is to give order to information, form to ideas, expression and feeling to artifacts that document human experience."[4] The History even as far back as Benjamin Franklin who use this paper The Pennsylvania Gazette, in 1728 he mastered the art of publicity not only did he promote his own books he used it to influence what he thought the masses should read, as well. "Benjamin Franklin's ingenuity gained in strength as did his cunning and in 1737 he had replaced his counterpart in Pennsylvania, Andrew Bradford as postmaster and printer after a competition he instituted as copywriter and therefore won. He showed his prowess by running an ad in his General Magazine and the Historical Chronicle of British Plantations in America (the precursor to the Saturday Evening Post) that stressed the benefits offered by a stove he invented, named called thePennsylvania Fireplace, which is still sold today and is known as the Franklin Stove. "[5] American Advertising was as American as primitive plumbing as it imitated British newspapers and magazines. News papers offered 3 block of telling society,or the slaves that ran away from their masters. Advertisements were printed in scrambled type and uneven lines which made it difficult to read. It was Benjamin Franklin that changed this by adding 14 point heading of the first line of the advertisement; although later it was shortened and centered, making a real heading. Franklin's use of type was masterful e instinctively knew what "appealed to the eye". It was Franklin that added illustrations which was something that not even London printers had done and was considered most advanced. Benjamin Franklin was the first to invent logos, which were early symbols that announced such advertisements as opticians with golden spectacles. Benjamin Franklin taught the advertisers that the use of detail was important to tell the story of their products. The idea of telling a story grew a monster as some began advertising in 10-20 lines adding color, names, varieties, and sizes of the goods they offered. The early advertisements tell us a lot about the culture, the thoughts and conditions that the colonists faced during the establishment of this great nation in its advertising infancy.
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